Porosity
In porosity characterization option refractive index of the layer is determined as a mixture of a material selected from Layer Material database and Air, Water or Air+Water. You can select how the refractive index of the porous material is calculated: average weighted of permittivity, Bruggemann formula or average weighted of refractive indices. This option is typically used for verification of characterization results. For example, refractive index of very dense IBS TiO2 film can be considered as the refractive index of the bulk material (see picture on the right). If it is assumed that the pores in e-beam evaporated film are filled with water, then the calculated packing of evaporated TiO2 is equal about 85%. Find the details in our publications:
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